Al- Khwarizmi

Al Khorezmi was born in 780 AD, supposedly the city of his birth is Khiva, Khorezm region. Father of Algorithm-Muhammad Ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi. The word "algorithm" comes from the name of a Muslim mathematician and scientist, Muhammad al-Khwarizmi. He developed the concept of algorithms and is also credited with inventing algebra. The word "algorithm" is derived from his name. The term "algorithm" was imported into English, via French and Latin. Originally, the algorithm simply meant what is now called the “Arabic” system of numbers (including zero). Al-Khwarizmi was a 9th-century Muslim genius who was also a geographer and astronomer. He was appointed the head of the House of Wisdom (Darul Hikma) in Baghdad in 820 AD. He developed the Arabic numerals based on the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and Indian mathematics. The Western world adopted his numeral system. Pioneering Algebra Al-Khwarizmi's most enduring legacy lies in his book "Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala" (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing), often simply referred to as "Al-Kitab." This masterpiece introduced the world to the concept of algebra. The very word "algebra" is derived from the Arabic term "al-jabr," which Al-Khwarizmi used to describe the method of solving linear and quadratic equations. And the word algebra comes from al-jabr in the title of a landmark book he wrote in about AD 820, al-Kitāb al-Mukhtaṣar fī Ḥisāb al-Jabr wal-Muqābalah, or The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing. The book introduced fundamental methods for solving equations and established the discipline of algebra. Al-Khwārizmī died in about AD 850, having done works that would end up shaping the future of the world. He influenced medieval mathematicians Fibonacci, Alberd and Roger Bacon, but through his crafting of algebra, he has essentially influenced every mathematician since.

Al-Beruni

Al-Bīrūnī (born Sept. 4, 973 CE, Khwārezm, Khorāsān [now in Uzbekistan]—died c. 1052, Ghazna [now Ghaznī, Afg.) was a Muslim astronomer, mathematician, ethnographist, anthropologist, historian, and geographer. Al- Biruni started his scientific studies at the age of 17. He calculated the height of the sun and the longitude of the city. From the movements of the sun, he determined when the seasons began. He found the diameter of the earth very close to today's value. He became the founder of the science of geodesy. In his book Kitâb al-Saydele, he listed the plants he had studied throughout his life and gave a comprehensive description of the diseases for which natural medicines were good. Al-Biruni put forward the first ideas on the theory of gravity, which was mathematically proven by Newton 700 years before Newton. As a result of his observations with the telescopes he developed, 600 years before Galileo, who confirmed that the planets revolved around the sun, El-Biruni defended the idea that 'the earth rotates'. To the question of why trees and stones don't shoot up if the earth is spinning, he replied that there is an attraction at the center and that everything in the center of the Earth's surface. He predicted that North, South, East and West connects at a point and there was a land behind the seas (today's America). The book known in English as ‘The Chronology of the Ancient Nations’ was written in Arabic by the famous astronomer and polymath Abu Rayhan al-Biruni (or al-Bayruni) in the year 1000. It is a monumental compendium of the calendars and chronological systems of a very wide range of societies and cultures from the late antique Hellenistic world and the ancient and medieval Near East and Central Asia, including pagans, Christians, Muslims, Jews, and Zoroastrians, as well as other religious and ethnic groups. It describes not only the technical, astronomical aspects of their time reckoning methods, but also their varied festivals and liturgical practices.

Abu Ali Ibn Sina

Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is better known in Europe by the Latinized name “Avicenna.” He is probably the most significant philosopher in the Islamic tradition and arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era. Born in Afshana near Bukhara in Central Asia in about 980, he is best known as a polymath, as a physician whose major work the Canon (al-Qanun fi’l-Tibb) continued to be taught as a medical textbook in Europe and in the Islamic world until the early modern period, and as a philosopher whose major summa the Cure (al-Shifa’) had a decisive impact upon European scholasticism and especially upon Thomas Aquinas (d. 1274)

Al-Farabi

Abu Nasr Mohammad Ibn al-Farakh Al-Farabi was born to a noble family in the small village of Wasij, in the province of Farab in Turkestan, in 872 AD (259 AH). His works included several rich commentaries on Aristotle’s physics, meteorology, and logic – in addition to a large number of books on several other subjects embodying his original contributions. As a result, he was called the “Second Teacher” (al-Mou’allim al-Thani) – with Aristotle being the “First”. Al-Farabi had great influence on science and philosophy for several centuries, and was widely considered second only to Aristotle in knowledge (alluded to by his title of the "Second Teacher"), in his time. 

Zahriddin Muhammad Bobur

Z.M. Bobur was born in 1483, February 14, in Andijon. He was the fifth generation of Amir Temur. In 1494 when Bobur was only 12 years old, he became a ruler. In 1503 – 1504 he conquered Afghanistan. During 1519 – 1525s he tried to conquer India five times. He became the founder of Bobur`s Empire which lasted more than three centuries (1526 - 1858). He died in 1530, December 26, in Agra. His grave was in Agra but then it was brought to Kabul. He gathered his lyric testament in 1519 in Kabul into “Kabul Devonu”, and in 528 – 1529 in “Hind Devoni”. There is the information that he created the completed devon. The general amount of his poems is more than 400. 119 of them are written in such as style that is called “gazal” and 231 of them are “ruboi”.
“Boburnoma” was translated into Farsiy/Persian in 1586, into Dunish in 1705 by Vitsen, into English in 1826 by J. Layden and V.Erskin, into French in 1871 by P. de Kurtail, into Turkish in the XX th century by Rashit Rahmat and into Russian by Michail Salye. During 1826 – 1985 “Boburname” was translated four times into English (1826, 1905, 1921, 1922) three times into French (1878, 1980, 1985) and only once into German. Among them there are such novels “Boburhan”, which was written by Flora Ann Stealning (Paris, 1940), “Bobur” by Fernand Grenardning (Paris, 1930), “Bobur-Tiger” by Garold Lamb (New York, 1961), “Bobur and his ancestors or Great Moguls” (New York, 1980) by Vamber Gaskoin.

Mirzo Ulugbek

Mirza Muhammad ibn Shahrukh ibn Temur Ulugbek Quragani (1394-1449) was a great astronomer and mathematician, famous scholar of his time, statesman, grandson of the famous ruler and master Amir Temur, who ruled Movaraunnahr from 1441 to 1449. In Samarkand, in the first half of the 15th century, around Ulugbek, a whole scientific school was established, uniting such well-known astronomers and mathematicians as Giyosiddin Jamshid Kashi, Qazizoda Rumi, Ali Kushchi. At that time, Samarkand was inhabited by historian Hafiz Abru, who wrote a wonderful work on the history of Central Asia, the famous physician Mavlono Nefis, poets Sirojiddin Samarkandi, Sakkoki, Lutfi, Badakhshi and others. They were the forerunners of their time, believing in the power of the human mind and science.
In 1417-1420, Ulugbek built a madrasah in Samarkand and became the first architectural ensemble in Registan. Ulugbek invites many astronomers and mathematicians from the Islamic world to this madrasa. The other two madrassas were built in Gijduvan and Bukhara. 

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Nodirabegim

Mohlaroyim (Uzbek: Mohlaroyim, Моҳларойим; 1792–1842), most commonly known by her pen name Nodira, was an Uzbek poet and stateswoman.[1] She functioned as regent of the Khanate of Kokand during the minority of her son from 1822.

Nodira is generally regarded as one of the most outstanding Uzbek poets. She wrote poetry in Uzbek and Persian. Nodira also used other pennames, such as Komila and Maknuna. Many of her diwans have survived and consist of more than 10,000 lines of poetry.

Uvaysiy

Jahonotin Uvaysiy was a Sufi poet from Margilon in the Ferghana Valley in Uzbekistan. She was an Otin-Oys, an Uzbek religious woman held in great esteem. She produced over 15,000 hemistiches of verse and it is still popular in Uzbekistan today.

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Furqat

Zokirjon Xolmuhammad oʻgʻli, better known by his pen name Furqat, was an Uzbek author, poet, and political activist. He had a major influence on the development of modern Uzbek literature. He wrote one of the earliest pamphlets and satirical articles in Uzbek. 

Zokirjon Xolmuhammad oʻgʻli started writing poetry at a young age under the pen name "Furqat" which means "separation". He also wrote under the pen name "Farhat" which means "joy." In his works, Furqat praised human dignity and was an opponent of religion and asceticism.

In 1891, he wrote his autobiographical book Sarguzashtnoma (The Adventure Book). This book is also called Furqatnoma. Furqat's other works include Gimnaziya (The Gymnasium School), Ilm xosiyati (The Benefits of Education), Vistavka xususida (About Exhibitions), Akt majlisi xususida (About the Session on Statements), Nagʻma bazmi xususida (About a Music Party), Adashganman (Made a Mistake), Fasli navbahor oʻldi... (The Spring has Died), Sayding qoʻya ber, sayyod... (Leave Your Game, Hunter), Kelinchak (The Bride), Sabogʻa xitob (An Appeal to the Morning Breeze), Bormasmiz (We Won't Go) and many others. Some of Furqat's works, such as Devon (Diwan), Hammomi xayol (The Bathhouse of Thoughts), Chor darvesh (Four Dervishes), Noʻh manzar (Nine Aspects), did not survive.

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Alisher Navoi 

His real name is Nizomiddin Mir Alisher. He wrote his poems under the pen-names of Navoi (in his poems which were written in the old Uzbek language) and Foni (in his poems which were written in Persian language). Navoi is a great Uzbek poet, a representative of the Uzbek literature which is called Chigatoy leterature in the West. He was born in Herat and spent the main part of his life there. Navoi's family was close to Timurid's palace. According to the information of great historian Hondamir, an old poet Lutfi met with Alisher Navoi, when he was a child and Lutfi appreciated his talent. During 1464-65 the fans of Navoi's creation collected all of his poems and copied them to make "devon". Alisher Navoi's creativity is great. The volume of his six poems is about 60,000 lines (misra). In 1483-85, Navoi created the work "Khamsa" ("Five"), which consisted of poems: "Khairat al-Abrar" ("Confusion of the Righteous"), "Farhad va Shirin" ("Farhad and Shirin"). . , "Leyli va Mazhnun", "Sabai Sayyar" ("Seven Planets"), "Saddi Iskandari" ("Wall of Iskandar"). They were created on the basis of the hamsa tradition - the creation of five (five poems).b"Hamsa" Navoi - the first work in the genre of serials, created in the Turkic language. He proves that such a voluminous work can be created in the Turkic language. And I create in the journal, I attract the idea that there may be a work in the Chagatai (Old Uzbek) language, which can be on the same level as a work from Persian-Tajik literature. And he fully proves it with his five. Navoi tries his hand at almost all common genres of literature of the Muslim East and shows that he has his own voice and style. More than 120 poems on the theme "Layli and Majnun" appeared in the East.

Abdulla Qahhor

Abdulla Qahhor (September 17, 1907 – May 25, 1968) was an Uzbek novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary translator. He is best remembered as the author of the 1951 novel Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari (The Lights of Qoʻshchinor) and the 1958 story Sinchalak. In addition to writing numerous short stories and novels, Qahhor translated the works of many famous Russian writers, such as Alexander Pushkin, Anton Chekhov, and Nikolai Gogol into the Uzbek language. In particular, he translated The Captain's Daughter of Pushkin, Marriage and The Government Inspector of Gogol, and, together with his wife Kibriyo Qahhorova, War and Peace of Leo Tolstoy.

Chulpon

One of the founders of a new Uzbek poetry, translator, editor, playwriter Cho’lpon was born in 1897 in Andijon. He took his first education in old school. Then studied in Russian-tuzem school. In 1914 he came to Tashkent and began his activity in the newspaper “Sadoi Turkiston”. His compositions were edited also in newspapers and journals in Ufa, Kazan, Bogchasaroy. From 1916 to 1917 he lived in Orenburg and worked as a secretary in one of the administrations of government. Then he returned Tashkent. Till 1920 he served in TurkRosTA. In 1920 he took part in meeting of Eastern people in Baku.
That year invitation made by Fitrat he went to Buhara and worked there as a chief in the newspaper “Buhoro axbori”.

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